Acquiring Turkish Citizenship by Investment
Acquiring Turkish Citizenship by Investment
Turkish citizenship can be acquired in several ways, including by marriage or employment or living for a certain period of time. Another option is making investment in the country. Accordingly, those who fulfil the requirements set out in the law can easily get the citizenship after filing the required documents.
Although the most popular option for citizenship is to buy at least US$ 400,000 worth real estate, there are several other opportunities introduced by the Turkish Citizenship Law No. 5901. In this respect, the applicable legislation proposes the following investments options to foreigners to qualify for Turkish citizenship:
- Investment of Fixed Capital: Having invested a fixed capital investment at least for an amount of US$ 500,000.00 or its equivalent in any other currency (excluding TRL); and determination of such investment by the Ministry of Industry and Technology.
- Purchase of Real Property* (please see below): Having purchased a real estate for at least US$ 400,000.00 [the respective value was increased from US$ 250,000.00 to US$ 400,000.00 as of June 13, 2022] or its equivalent in any other currency (excluding TRL), provided that an annotation restricting the sale of the purchased real estate for the next 3 (three) years is made in the title deed registry. Accordingly, any foreign individual applying for Turkish citizenship based on purchase of a real estate must undertake not to sell the relevant real estate for 3 (three) years as of the acquisition.
- Providing Employment: Having generated employment for at least 50 (fifty) employees; and determination of such employment by the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services.
- Cash Deposit in Turkish Banks: Having deposited cash at least in the amount of US$ 500,000.00 or its equivalent in any other currency (excluding TRL) to banks validly incorporated and operating in Turkey, provided that deposit will be held with the relevant bank for the following 3 (three) years; and determination of such deposit by the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency.
- Purchase of Public Debt Instruments: Having purchased public debt instruments with a value of US$ 500,000.00 or its equivalent in any other currency (excluding TRL), provided that the instruments are kept in reserve for the following 3 (three) years; and determination of such purchase by the Ministry of Treasure and Finance.
- Purchase of Real Estate Investment Fund Participation Share or Venture Capital Investment Fund Participation: Having purchased participation shares of real estate investment fund or venture capital fund established in Turkey in exchange of at least US$ 500,000.00 or its equivalent in any other currency (excluding TRL), provided that such participation shares are kept in the relevant fund for the following 3 (three) years; and determination of such purchase by the Capital Markets Board.
It is important to emphasize that Turkish citizenship acquired through one of the above investment categories provides the applicant the same status as Turkish citizens who have acquired citizenship by birth. That is to say, those who obtain Turkish citizenship by investment will have the same citizenship rights as enjoyed by other citizens.
Foreign Currency Requirement
As noted above, applicant must invest in a foreign currency other than Turkish Lira. Previously, the respective thresholds were also accepted in Turkish Liras. However, as per the recent amendments in the legislation, the investment has to be made only in a foreign currency, and the applicant is obliged to exchange invested foreign currency through a bank operating in Turkey. Moreover, relevant bank is required to exchange the foreign currency through the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The investment amount will be kept in Central Bank by way of a Turkish deposit account or Turkish debt instruments for a period of 3 (three) years as mentioned above.
Who is Eligible to Acquire Turkish Citizenship?
In addition to the foreign applicant, their spouse and their minor/dependent children are also eligible to obtain Turkish citizenship, without the requirement for separate investments by family members. In other words, the citizenship may be granted to the dependent family members of the applicant as well, without each of those members being required to fulfill the respective investment conditions.
Application and Time Frame
The process for acquiring Turkish citizenship by one of the above investment categories consists of three stages. These stages are as follows:
(1) Fulfilling one of the investment requirements stated above; and obtaining receipt of a conformity certificate from relevant authority;
(2) Obtaining a short-term residence permit [It is worth noting that foreign individuals meeting the investment thresholds requirements are not required to reside permanently in Turkey for a certain period of time. Contrary to the acquisition of Turkish citizenship based on permanent residency as per Turkish Citizenship Law, the mandatory period of permanent residence (i.e., 5 (five) years) does not constitute a criterion in the acquisition of Turkish citizenship by investment.]; and
(3) Applying for a Turkish citizenship to the relevant authority.
It should also be noted that authorities may ask for several other documents from applicant depending on the investment option. In this regard, in order to benefit from the ‘purchase of real property’ option, a valuation report evidencing the value of purchased property must be obtained from an immovable valuation institution holding a license issued by the Capital Markets Board. Following the valuation report, the certificate of suitability must be obtained from the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadaster of Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. Only those who have been granted with a certificate of suitability will be eligible to apply for Turkish citizenship.
Once an application is considered acceptable by the relevant authority, the respective applicant will be able to acquire Turkish citizenship upon decision of the President of the Republic of Turkey. Acquisition of Turkish citizenship by investment would take 3 (three) to 12 (twelve) months in total.
(*) With the amendment to Article 20 of the Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Citizenship Law by the Presidential Decree No. 7938 published in the Official Gazette dated 12.12.2023, the expression "immovable" was limited in the acquisition of Turkish citizenship through the purchase of immovable property. Prior to the amendment, the purchase of all immovable property equivalent to 400 thousand dollars was sufficient for Turkish citizenship. Following the change, only the "immovable property with the qualification of land on which condominium ownership or condominium servitude has been established or on which there is a building" will enable the right to acquire citizenship. Thus, it will not be possible to acquire citizenship through the purchase of immovable property that are empty plots and similar property on which no condominium or condominium servitude has been established.